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Understanding SMS marketing
Understanding SMS Marketing
Introduction
Short Message Service (SMS) is a wireless service available on digital mobile networks. Allows transmission of text messages between mobile phones and other systems such as electronic mail, paging and voicemail. Up to 160 characters can be sent and received through the system operator message to the phone network Mobile (Gustafsson and Lenman 2007).
SMS is essentially similar to paging. Paging is the process of a message, which is typically a few digits a phone number that the user is expected to call, to be greeted by one-way pager numbers. A pager (sometimes called a beeper) is a device simple personal telecommunications for short messages. A one-way pager number can only receive a message (paging) consisting of a few digits, usually a phone number that the user is expected to ask. While the pager paging required to be active and within range, SMS messages do not require mobile phone is activated within the range, and that will take place over several days until the phone is active and within range. SMS Messages be transmitted within the same cell or to anyone with roaming capability. Can also be sent to digital phones from a website equipped with a PC Link or a digital phone to another. In addition to the SMS gateway is a website that allows the user to type an SMS message to someone within the cell served by that gateway or acts as an international gateway for users with roaming capability.
The SMS is a service of store and forward. In other words, no text messages are sent directly from sender to receiver, but through an SMS Center. Therefore there is a need for a network operator. Each mobile telephone network that supports SMS has one or more messaging centers to handle and manage the text messages.
The SMS features confirmation of message delivery. This means that, unlike of email users do not simply send a short message and trust and hope it is delivered. Instead, the sender may receive a short message return message back notifying them whether the short message was delivered or not.
Short messages can be sent and received simultaneously with GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) voice, data and fax calls. This is possible because whereas voice, data and fax calls take over a radio channel dedicated to the duration of the call, short messages travel over the radio channel using the signaling pathway. As such, users of SMS rarely, if ever, get a busy signal or busy, they can do during peak network usage (SPG Media Group PLC, 2008).
The same study on ways of sending multiple short messages are available. SMS concatenation (stringing several short messages together) and SMS compression have been identified and incorporated in the GSM SMS standards.
The introduction of standardized protocols as SIM (A small but smart card type of device that has details of mobile subscribers, including phone number and the numbers required by the network to identify and authenticate the subscriber), Application Toolkit and Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) contribute to an increase in messaging usage by providing a service standard development and deployment environment for application developers and business partners. These protocols also make it easier for users to respond and otherwise access messaging services through custom menus on the phone. While these protocols are only a means to an end and new destinations not or courier services, they can lead to a rise of 10-15% in the total volume of SMS (SPG Media Group PLC, 2008). Some companies may get results more effective if management processes SMS marketing successfully.
Today, for example, to use SMS, MMS, email, messaging Instant (IM), voice mail, and so on, end users should be aware of the underlying technology and capabilities of its recipients. Studies and market trends show that messaging solutions should be easier to use if you want to facilitate communication and increase traffic. This will form the basis of a successful mobile marketing campaign built on SMS.
Marketing SMS Marketing in general
SMS has become a general communication tool for consumers, reaching them via SMS marketing has become the increasingly important strategy for companies. Whether between two people who plan to meet or a broadcast message to thousands of users, more and more customers are becoming converts every day, and experts market realize text messaging is a great way to quickly communicate with your audience. That is why text messaging is growing at a enormous speed. One of the main reasons behind this growth is that text messaging has become more and more as a business tool (mobilestorm.com / Sms-marketing 2009).
The tendency of Jupiter Research shows that SMS marketing is rapidly surpassing e-mail technology as a tool marketing and for managing customer relationships. On the other hand, Jupiter Research said that three million of coupons issued to cell phone users will generate sales of nearly $ 87,000,000,000 in 2011 (textsmsmarketing 2006).
Types of SMS Marketing
Types of SMS Marketing can be defined in three different contexts, in general, the purchase of context, technical context and user context. These contexts are mostly preferred while companies from pursuing SMS Marketing efforts.
Purchase SMS context defines a product based on how they purchase. In addition, its technical defines the types of SMS Marketing from the point of view of the mobile operator, while the context of the user who defined from the provision of SMS provides the target client. The commonality of these types is that the rate of payment of such SMS can be defined based on buyer's request (the sender). The company that wants to send SMS can choose and either pay the price of SMS itself or to charge the price that the target customer.
Purchase Context
In SMS campaigns marketing, there are two different methods of SMS as a product, a company may choose to make a deal with the company for a promised amount of SMS for a certain time (Mostly 1 year). This is known as SMS in bulk. Moreover, the company can choose to buy packages of SMS that are being sold by the company amounts specified as 1,000 or 500,000 or may be included in the price standart shipping number, etc. This piece is called SMS.
Marketing strategy SMS is obtained through purchase of companies, agreements either with mobile phone operators with SMS infrasturcture different suppliers or reseller companies. Household amounts SMS purchased, less money is paid by SMS. While it is more profitable to buy through millions of quantities directly from the GMS operator (SMS in bulk), may be a better decision to buy from suppliers or distributors, and operators who purchase more than millions of quantities and resell them in small batches with a better price (SMS piece). This also creates a new job through SMS. In addition, all partnership agreements are comprehensive solution available in the companies. In this time, more services delivered in a lot of case such as SMS, logo, song, conversation, entertainment, competition, game, etc.
Technical Background
There are three types of SMS from the technical point of view. It is a way, single shot and two-way SMS (See Table 2).
One way SMS is an SMS sent by the sender to the target customers. With this type of SMS client an objective response is not expected and most often not allowed. So there's no customer interaction.
One quick way SMS (Single Shot) is an SMS sent by the sender to the target client and a response from the target customer is not allowed. The most important feature of this type is that SMS is valid for a certain period (mostly a short period as three minutes). Becuse of this feature, the SMS should be sent immediately after it has exploded. This type is mainly used to send passwords that are valid for the set time (like a password that will be used by the target client to log into their accounts through different internet). This type of SMS is not blocked by filters which means that a client can filter the SMS coming from a particular sender or the number by sending of that message to a special filter list of mobile operators. However, this filter is not used for SMS only one shot.
Two Way SMS is an SMS sent by the sender to the target customer and target customer response is expected if he / she wants to join or use the services and benefits offered. Since there will be an interaction with the customer, the number of SMS which is used to send this type of SMS must be configured to receive SMS messages sent to their customers.
User Context
Premium SMS gives clients the option of making money on text messages for specific content that consumers will pay to send or receive. Customers can hold voting contests, like many reality TV shows, daily horoscope, a VIP program, or other instances where information news is time sensitive, making this valuable information to the consumer.
Mobile coupons will benefit businesses and customers alike expenses promotion and save consumers money. In addition, the comfort and the "green factor" (No excess paper and ink needed to produce) digital stamp, such as mobile coupons, make them attractive to consumers today.
Text-to-Screen is a premium service that allows merchants to create polls and questionnaires especially for a particular event.
Sellers have a way to ensure the event's interest "while adding emotion shows, festivals, major sporting events, or for a regular night at a movie theater. A seller can use giant video screens, which are traditionally in these places to announce a survey or questionnaire, forcing people to participate and then publish the results on the same screen in real time. (Mobilestorm.com / sms-marketing 2009)
The SMS campaign
The SMS system is a small piece of mobile communication and marketing system. To this end, like all marketing campaigns, SMS campaign must be planned carefully. There are three processes that a campaign manager must plan to create a successful campaign SMS.
Each process has its individual approaches. In step I, campaign manager's plan carefully target segment, the message that will be addressed and set the body of the SMS on the basis of this message.
In Step II, the carrier should be chosen in order to reach the specific segment based technical and financial criteria. All responses should be carefully considered.
After sending the message, an analysis of the study should be made for performance measurement (mobilestorm.com / sms-marketing, mobilesmsmarketing.com 2009).
To create an SMS campaign Marketing, a database should be created consisting of the telephone numbers of customers are addressed. A member or the commitment of the list is made up companies with the help of customer needs. However, we can not observe the same situation in the private sector. The company, which can form their lists, you can add new numbers to the lists through the use of different channels. The channels can be;
- within the company – the companies own database affilitaions database or
- outside the company – databases that can be provided consultancy firms, operators of SMS, yellow pages, etc.
This process is sensitive because of the requirements and outlines defined by law. Both the individual numbers in the newspapers and the other numbers that are used by institutional enterprises, help to increase the amount of numbers in these lists in the name of the request or direction.
SMS Marketing Implications
In the past, companies wishing to communicate with their customers were using cards, the conclusion letters, fax and telephone. These forms are increasing costs and were creating problems for transport. Most cards are not reached and business addresses not control these limitations. By using SMS service corporations, companies began to track whether the SMS was received by the user. Moreover, the benefits significantly higher were provided on the side of costs. One of the most attractive aspects of this application for businesses is the high profitability of customers, who are taken these messages.
Corporate SMS Working Process
Client applications have a job specialty as the environment Internet-based desktop performance local database. Applications, which are served free of charge for customer use, can be consolidated in the three titles Main: SMS desktop applications, web-based web application and SMS Office application, you can offer to send SMS directly from Microsoft Excel. After controlling for sending SMS provides these applications outside the institutional servers, SMS is transferred on the Internet while connected to the mobile operator. So, which are transmitted SMS messages to mobile phones.
Enterprise SMS System can be classified into three categories;
First place is a public enterprise, where the SMS implementation a requirement for each company. For example, small ads can be transferred to people by associations, unions, foundations, etc. By the way, is granted an opportunity to lower costs and perform the work quickly.
The second is the private sector institutions, especially financial (banking), the car market, retailers, etc. to advertise their campaigns simultaneously connected clients and offers this one-returnable and customer loyalty.
The last category is about the education sector, where corporate SMS came to be seen as a and services essential requirement called by the guards. A private class began giving preference to the services of the lack of continuity, test results and other reports.
Effectiveness of SMS
What could make SMS efficiency of firms? The most important issue is to obtain reports of transmission of the messagings. We can analyze these reports based on;
- People & Answers
- Total cost of transmission
- Results
In a recent study by Nielsen Mobile, 23% of U.S. users I recall seeing mobile advertising mobile the last month, and over 50% responded to the ad. (Mobilestorm.com / sms-marketing 2009) By comparing this with other means of marketing such as television, where the response rate is around 0.3%, one can see that the SMS can be quite the media for successful commercialization.
Not only by mobile advertising however it covers a lot of place in the mobile marketing but also constitute a good relationship with customers are very important issues for companies.
SMS Marketing Analysis System
The concepts of marketing are changing, while these new media communication and technologies ourlives step. An important factor to consider when selecting a marketing technique such as SMS marketing is that the method capacity to reach a broad audience. Is why the famous television programs attract many of the sponsors, celebrities get a lot of expressions support and popular websites to get a lot of ads. Employers know that these programs, celebrities and websites are getting a lot of visitors, from there, more people will get to see your ads. The same equation applies to SMS marketing. Almost everyone in the world own a mobile phone. It natural that companies and businesses to compete in this arena of marketing. (Login up.to 2008)
It is very important to understand the system and SMS Marketing manage the system after sending messages to clients to your destination is advertising or relationship. Companies need to know the most valuable customers by detecting performance with a lot of analysis and then to decide and implement what are the following actions if the companies want to succeed their functionality continuously for success in marketing.
The companies, of course, think about your existing customers first, because they know their identities, personalities, conventions, pleasures, etc. There are two types of customers, current customers and potential customers that are not available for this and may be candidates.
To create opportunities for business and satisfy customers, companies must make some endevours. I hereby undertake these endevours with the philosophy of marketing and provide a means transportation provisions of SMS marketing efforts. Like all marketing concepts, analysis of the results to measure system performance. In general before passing through the analysis, assume that a particular company to its customers and sent a text message advertising, which the company's new products were recognized. Assume that the number of these customers is 10,000 and only 1,000 of them have demanded new products after receiving the SMS. However, since this is a cost for the company, a cost – benefit should be taken into account at all times. The other 9,000 people can be classified into two groups: the people, to delete text messages without sight, and the people that deleted text messages after seeing. In this sense, these people may not be interested in these texts by reason of inadequate time, inappropriate content, previous experiences, etc. In this case you need to analyze the company to monitor the activities and the environment to qualify for SMS Marketing?
From the strategic point of view of businesses to do then an analysis of your security and do the right things for the good-marketing and customer satisfaction;
Basic Statistical Analysis
The statistical analysis is the first step success or failure of the system. It includes the response time of respondents in the text, the percentage of newcomers law, the percentage of messages lost, etc. Besides these, these performance results should be traced and understood effectively to take precautions and to determine the SMS strategy first. For example, Keynote Systems, the average yield for all companies was 11.8 seconds to receive messages and 94.7 percent of all messages reach their destinations. While these numbers are an improvement over the previous three months, the 94.7 percent availability could represent a significant loss of business information and when the number of lost messages is calculated. (AT & T 2002)
In our example, the company can classify customers who have made the commercial, into 3 groups: high-level, middle level and low level. Indeed, the company must also keep track of these ratings to understand whether there are changes in levels high half-levels and low levels. There may be some quantitative changes such as increased levels high, which also indicates the increase or reduction costs to all levels indicating the market demand has been rejected.
Trend Analysis
Orientation of the hearing is one of the most important things to remember any advertiser. Today, employers are looking more prudent and practical to announce to individuals who probably become customers. For example, if a business is the sale of games and other electronic devices of the hip, marketers want to run his campaign SMS marketing in teenagers and other young people who may be interested. (Login up.to 2002)
Since 80% or more of all phone users carry their cell phone all the time, a text message their mobile phones is the perfect way to alert their subscribers or customers of any urgent information, such as a change of appointment, or product ready for collection. For this reason, companies have to understand in which stores and / or products that customers have paid money to find out the location of these stores and / or products, which are the ranges of these is saved, these customers are doing data mining, etc. By the way, the company can make identification of product characteristics and verify new marketing strategy related to the most popular products or services. In addition, products can serve individuals.
Capacity Analysis
The main idea of the detection capacity is to answer the question of the will of the company to maintain investment of sending text messages to customers. The company has to understand the signals benefits with the use of SMS. Because of the company to produce products or maintain the inventory according to demands. If demand is low due to expectations, the company produce smaller parties, maintain low inventories and may reduce or stop using SMS marketing. Moreover, the company can change the marketing strategy. Moreover, the company can support and increase the rate of use of text messaging by sending more people if the demand is very high. At that time, the company carry out more aggressive role in the market and this will affect the investments of the company.
For this reason, the capacity analysis, indicating the current situation to meet present and future situation to meet the demands of care, should be investigated and addressed by business.
Performance Marketing Review
Mobile marketing can be used for a wide range of occasions such as announcing new products, special offers special one-day opening of new stores, special events … etc. Subscribers can be treated as a special group for offers and information that only they have access to an increasing loyalty, purchases, and the speed of communications.
While mobile marketing can be used in many areas they helps customer loyalty, customer satisfaction and incremental sales, companies must look at the performance of their marketing activities to keep the situation of available and then to increase market share through access to more satisfied customers. To do this, some functions should be generated as market research, market models and market consulting.
- Ø Market research – qualitative and quantitative research in world-class including market segmentation that gives the company growth-oriented ideas.
- Ø Marketing Modeling – The state of science, revenue modeling focused company that offers valuable information on the financial impact of different marketing decisions.
- Ø Marketing Consulting – continuously filters what the statistics say that through management, statistics, and financial criteria to provide the company practical action and action.
In this sense, the company must determine some indicators to track the sales performance to understand whether the situation will default strategy or not. Some of these indicators are market share, production, marketing return on investment (ROI), customer brand, etc.
On the other hand, there are some criteria for selecting targets for these performance indicators such as sales potential, growth potential, potential retention, common motivations, potential problems, responsiveness, findability, lifetime value, etc. These criteria should be investigated, considered and evaluated before the process guidance. (Marketing and Research Consulting Copernicus s / f)
Sales Analysis
In sales analysis, the goal is to provide accurate information related to management activity business to improve sales profitability and provide facilities for sales forecasting and planning at customer and product class levels.
By sales analysis, we can do the following:
- Ø Identify the most profitable customers
- Ø To know products sold
- Ø Analyze market trends and geographic patterns of market
- Ø Meet the profit generated by each product
- Ø Know the business divisions are being sold
- Ø Identify the vendors are doing
- Ø To improve the prognosis of sales
- Ø forecasts measure actual performance against the amount or revenue
- Ø Analyze tax collection
- Ø Set targets for clients and / or products
- Ø Compare against budgets by product category and / or seller
By the way, we can decide to keep and admire the most profitable customers, continue to produce the majority of products sold, the more valuable system vendors, precautions to obtain agreement with the trend of sales of the following months, "constitute the budget or to re-budgets, determine the following objectives that the department Marketing should provide, etc.
In this sense, the SMS marketing is perfect for local and national retailers who want to promote products or services, provide incentives and increase loyalty and customer retention. Retailers can send SMS messages to your subscribers opt-in with the coupon code inserted directly into the message. Customers can enter stores and present their coupons on their cell phones for redemption. This application is very useful to consumers for sale any product at any time anywhere, which helps increase sales of the company.
Cost-Benefit Analysis
When consumers make purchases at market prices, reveal that the things they buy are at least as beneficial for the money to resign. Consumers increase their consumption of any product to the point where the benefit of an additional unit (marginal benefit) equals the marginal cost to them of that unit, the market price. The same idea can be used for businesses. A company that directs its marketing strategy in marketing SMS, want to get the financial benefit from the application, including satisfaction Customer. However, when the tendency of the marginal benefit gained in one direction will reduce the company may decide to dispense with the marketing of SMS and consider other methods. On the other hand, if the marginal benefit is going in a positive direction, the company will begin to behave more aggressively to a more messages text to reach more customers.
The analysis of the characters Clients
The first step in a campaign of SMS Marketing collection and permission to collect cell phone numbers as stated above. While it is perfectly acceptable to simply have a registration form at the store retail or the company web site with the promise of sending valuable offers a change of pace, but is much more effective to reach a creative tactic offers more awards, memberships, bonuses and free gifts. As the comapny build its database of cell phone numbers, try to get more than that one piece of information. Ask clients about their hobbies, conventions and then create special ads based on interests of the place. Check out the demographics and customize campaign text messages to particular cellular telephone receiver.
In the analysis of characters, clear purpose and objective approach, the skills communication, time of setting priorities and planning, conflict management and reporting of mental attitudes "should be collected by companies. For example, a goal focused person who understands the direction of the organization, makes plans and organizes resources, both people and materials and plans ahead of a strategic manner, can be directed to the gifts of special days and text messages can be sent to these customers, as in this way. Because these people are living in the days of perfect planning and do not forget the most important days in their lives. For this reason, the gifts, which make emphasis on special days, should be chosen as the content of SMS text messages in the marketing strategy in these companies. In a different example, also There are intelligent people, who can be described as a specific and finite, achievable, realistic and time-definite time. That's why these people always estimate the time and the opportunity cost, which are the lowest prices anywhere. In this sense, the work of the shopping centers "such as the days of discounts or other promotions were announced in this type of people earlier the help of text messages.
This has to be new specialists who improved psychology and marketing.
Institutional Risk Analysis
"Most banks in U.S. did not break, not problems, but they do not trust each other because they know that banks are evil. We have to get ill. "
William Seidman / American economist and financial commentator
The same situation can be considered for commercial enterprises. Expectations will more clearly whether companies can determine which products are not sold enough, that sellers are not successful enough, what are the values actual and market forecasts, etc. In the same vein, the main idea is to determine which products can not be sold in the next period and what actions can be taken first. The methodology of risk analysis can be written as follows:
- Ø Identify the risk assessment and prioritize risks
- Ø Develop strategies for risk management
- Ø Develop tactics to mitigate risks
- Ø Assign responsibility and implement
- Ø Proof of the effectiveness and evaluate results
Comparative Analysis
Benchmarking is a tool that uses the theme on the subject of two or more comparable topics such as processes, products, training, data sets, systems, etc. For example, in accounting, literal changes in the financial statements over several accounting periods may be presented together to detect emerging trends in company operations and outcomes. The company, which uses text messaging to reach their customers, send SMS to their customers made available primarily place. After a time of application, there are some feedback that some customers have operations against the others. The results here should be recorded. In this respect this situation, the company can change the contents of text messages and then wants to see the results. At this time, the company can take a picture of two situations different and make a comparative analysis using the quantity of sales, the amount of money saved, the number of products sold, etc. to see the differences and content impact. After that, the company can determine the following marketing strategy due to the regeneration of these results.
Analysis Environmental Factors
The last area of search is to reveal the environmental factors such as changes in interest rates, in crisis surrounding economic, social and political evolution of rivals, sales in each product, the demands in the market buying power of the public, new areas investment, which are increasing in the last period, etc. In addition, the SWOT analysis, which takes the information as a result of these past activities and separate them into internal issues (strengths and weaknesses) and external issues (opportunities and threats), is one of the best techniques to understand and evaluate all these activities together. In the SWOT analysis, knowledge is designed to help an organization understand how it relates to its external environment. In other words, to act as a way to see if the organization is aligned with the world happening around them.
As a result of these tests, the company must evaluate the situation of available and get some comments for the future. Whether the situation is not good enough or are not expected demands, the company can trace the following instructions:
- a. Provide a plan of action
- b. Differentiation of text messages
- c. Schedule text messages
- d. Product Differentiation
- e. Weather product
- f. The identification of new marketing strategies
- g. Finding potential customers
- h. Evaluation of the channels of their potential, capabilities and reliability conditions
CONCLUSION
Mobile marketing tools are providing easier and more convenient way to developments marketing strategies. SMS has been the pioneer in wireless data applications and SMS services were the first mobile data services with a serious impact on operator revenue. The industry has experienced tremendous growth and, of course, messaging pave the way for the benefits of 3G as well. Inevitably, the way that revenues from mobile applications are currently distributed will change and become much more versatile.
We can admit that SMS Marketing is a tool very useful for marketing and competitive marketing strategy for companies. However, the main issue is not just for text messaging apply to customers. The focal point is to send the correct value of the contents, at the right time, in the right place at the right customers with the right effect. In addition, after sending them to customers, the companies must follow the marketing audit and marketing statistics by applying an analysis if text messages are effective or not. If there are any problems with this type of marketing strategy, the company should revise its' all ongoing processes to understand where the problem is.
Reasons for failure / success should be investigated. After their determination, precautions must be taken in a contingency plan actions must be reviewed and new applications should be done. If all these processes as taking pre-cautions, control applications in an analysis approach, etc. are into account in a systematic approach, we believe that SMS Marketing will become a very powerful and indispensable tool for the applicant companies. On the other hand, most forecasts show that data services are increasing their value especially in the means of revenue for mobile operators. On the other hand, picture messaging and visuality has taken off, and MMS is a natural progression of these events. The fact that consumer preferences are moving rapidly towards the particular visual with services like Youtube, video messaging services may be a new concept for the mobile world and mobile marketing strategies.
Messaging Service Multimedia (MMS) is a new form of communication that combines the rich photographs of content, such as audio and video, and pictures, with text messages. It is an application End-to-end mobile messaging from person to person, from mobile to mobile, mobile Internet and mobile Internet. This is good news for suppliers of service, they can now improve their services based on existing text by the addition of rich visual content. MMS will be a key generator of income mass market for content providers, mobile operators, application developers and advertisers, while for users, provide a way to capture a moment time and share it with others.
From a user perspective, of a successful MMS terminal needs to be created ready for use from the time he or she leaves the store with her. The operator can meet these expectations, providing automatic provisioning terminal over the air through its own network and currently Turkcell, the leading operator in Turkey, is offering this service through the air. In addition, operators need to educate end users, not only in how can send and receive MMS messages, but also how to find and subscribe to MMS content services. Operators can create service packages, making demos up content customer service provides training and competition in retail stores as well as relevant events such as festivals and concerts.
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About the Author
Gonca TELLİ YAMAMOTO is an associate professor in the School of Applied Sciences at Okan University. She is a head of Information Sciences and Technologies Department at Okan University. She is also coordinating Okan University Distance Education Center at present. She was formerly founder and director of Social Sciences Institute of Okan University, Turkey.Her blog is http://goncatelli.blogspot.com
Gürkan KOYUNCU, who was born in 1980 in Turkey, is a PhD student in departmant of Engineering Management at the Marmara University. He graduated in Systems Engineering from Yeditepe University. Then, he graduated from Engineering Management in master program of Marmara University and he studied on selection and evaluation of supplier in supply chain management as a master thesis. He is working as a Chief of Production Planning in an automotive company.
Eda KURT who was born in 1980 in Turkey, is a PhD student in departmant of Engineering Management at the Marmara University. She graduated in Industrial Engineering from the Istanbul Technical University. She studied the knowledge management and information in master thesis. She is working as a SAP ( it is an ERP program) consultant.
Emrah ELMAS who was born in 1978, is a PhD student in departmant of Engineering Management at the Marmara University. He graduated in Industrial Engineering from the Istanbul University. He studied Baruch College, City University of New York (CUNY). He is working as a key account manager in Turkcell, Istanbul, TR at the moment.
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