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Rose Cecil O'Neill And His Kewpies
In the early 20th century America, perhaps no product as famous as the Kewpie doll. These cute toys, gordita with his mischievous smile and distinctive ribbons were everywhere: they were Beanie Babies, Barbies and Cabbage Patch Kids in one. Although its popularity has decreased, still considered as one of his era 's best-known symbols of American popular culture.
The history of the Kewpies, however, goes beyond their own wrists. They were the creation of an eccentric artist named Rose Cecil O'Neill O ', a remarkable woman for her time in almost every way. O Neill 'Lived grandly, with enthusiasm and, above all, artistically, and the Kewpies were a vital part of the person who designed them. "I have made every my love for humanity in this small picture, "she once remarked. In fact, the history of dolls is impossible to separate the history of its creator.
"The fairy endowed Neill Rose O 'with dazzling gifts, " wrote one biographer, and it was true. Born in Wilkes-Barre, Pa., in 1874, Neill O 'art so remarkable. At 13 years of age, 10 years later his family moved to Nebraska, won a drawing competition in his adopted hometown Omaha. His picture was so sophisticated that the judges did not think a child had. (Its title, "The temptation that led an abyss " was sophisticated, too, or maybe just pretentious, with Neill O ', sometimes it may be difficult to tell the difference.) four years later, after traveling briefly with a group of professionals in quality, it had become a commercial artist up-and-coming whose work appeared in magazines around the West and Midwest.
For a young woman in late 19th century America was not a minor achievement. Female visual artists of the time has very little recognition. "No I'll admit that a woman can paint like that, "the French artist Edgar Degas had said earlier about the work of Mary Cassait American expatriate, and although Cassait had made a name for itself regardless of the attitude of Degas 'prevailed in American thought. It seemed unlikely that O Neill ', at 17, never do more than put out drawings for regional publications.
Working in a limited setting, however, it was Neill 'O 'S style. Independent and ambitious, he was determined to make his way in the arts. Consequently, when his family moved to the Missouri Ozarks in 1891, O 'Neill chose not to join them. Instead, the teenager went to New York, climbed into a convent and prepared to persuade the country 's leading journal editors to publish their work.
This could not have been an easy task. Not only Neill O 'a woman, but she was so young that the convention requires appropriate companion, a nun to accompany her when she visited the offices of the male editors. And while their art was attractive, Neill O 'never had mastered some of the basics of drawing. Largely self-taught, he attended art school briefly in the hope of learning more, but found curriculum and teaching methods boring. "She knows so little perspective, " a person whose ", is baffled even by as simple as putting a feat a table or a chair in one image to the bottom ".
However, Neill O 'had much in his favor. She "Oozed talent, " as another put it, and she exuded security and self-confidence as well. The combination of the portfolio and personality convinced editors to have a chance, and his work, signed only with initials to hide the fact that she was a woman, who soon began appearing in national magazines such as life, Puck and Harper 's Monthly. Then, according to the advertising of Jell-O, Kellogg 's Corn Flakes, Oxydol and other products. In early 1900, she was one of the nation 's bestknown illustrators.
No worries of money, Neill O 'began to explore other artistic activities. He studied sculpture, wrote the first of four novels and tried his hand at poetry, most passionate, otherworldly and mystical. Some players showered O'Neill praise for O 'and the big issues still cryptic love and death ran through his literary works. "There is something wonderful about Neill Rose O ', ", One critic mused later, speaking for many. " There should be tried for any of our ordinary standards. "Others however, found his exaggerated and pretentious writing. "Totally undisciplined, " thundered one reviewer. "Grammar and meaning, even are often abandoned in their anthropomorphic descriptions. "
Neill O 'was encouraged by the positive reviews, but she was pleased equal the negative. As his career flourished, O 'Neill took a consciously " artistic" pose. She looked like a great soul unbounded creative mere convention. Anxious to show this character, dressed in long flowing robes, affected and delighted baby talk with his artistic friends philosophical statements about the connection between " life" and "art ".
Unfortunately, O 'Neill ' s love life not going as well as his career. He married twice, but each couple, both childlessended in divorce. She met her first husband's control, his second depressed. In 1908, after the second relationship collapsed, Neill O 'left New York for the quiet city of his parents ' Missouri. There he bought a house for his family well and began to lick his wounds.
The time away from the bustle and drama of New York was exactly what Neill Rose O 'is needed. Without fellow artists to impress and not to fill spotlight, Neill O 'is dedicated to his drawing. His art was already leaning toward a nice style, sentimental, and now she experienced in that direction.
In 1909 Neill O 'sent to his editor in New York his latest work: sketches of plump, smiling babies with bows and big eyes. Taken with the little critters, Edward Bok Home Ladies 'Journal Neill suggested that O ' extend the drawings in a comic role of a page. Neill O 'quickly agreed. Improvement of the most, who named Kewpies, a word I explained as a diminutive of Cupid.
While the derivation of the name is clear, the inspiration for the drawings is not. At one point, Neill O ', the Kewpies as a cross between Cupid and one of his brothers as a small child. Later, however, perhaps for fear that this explanation was artistic enough, insisted instead that the creatures had appeared in a dream. "They were all over my room, " she gasped, "in my bed, and perched on my hand. I woke up to see them everywhere! "
Whatever your inspiration, Neill O 'made Kewpies simultaneously the type and mischievous. She not only invested them with character, but also an appropriate artistic vision. Kewpies were simple, playful and a good heart. But Neill O ', of course, preferred his own bombast routinely say, "The philosophy of Kewpie takes place slowly of wisdom, to put on charity, drew mordant to philanthropy. "
The first adventure Kewpie, "Christmas Kewpies 'Frolic, "appeared in the December 1909 Home Women ' Journal. Written in verse, the story is described as the band appears as mixed Kewpie a joke, a Christmas morning, leaving "weapons grandmothers" and dictionaries for infants, then and always presents a poor girl had none. Poetry left something to be desired, with couplets such as:
Kewpie spirits kept at night
All singing merrily rum-te-tum,
As desserts are nice places
Well rounded in the tum-tum-te.
But the drawings more than offset by the banality of the verses. Kewpies angelic smile covered the page, pulling the toys, looking at the packages and in general with a ball.
Neill O 'had Kewpies designed to be whimsical, but enough to pull readers real children 'heartstrings. His drawings nailed the combination of wonder. Letters poured into the offices of Bok s ', begging for more. Eager to cash before interest fell, Neill O 'continued Ladies 'Home Journal series, children rushed to Kewpie book ' s in the printing and marketing of paper dolls called Kewpie Kutouts-la first paper doll to print on both sides.
Interest, however, did not fall. Instead, he fired. A shrewd businesswoman despite her artistic temperament, Neill O 'gave the public what it wanted. He quickly launched a series of tie-ins and accessories products that would have Disney proud. Kewpie ties, music boxes and inkwells appeared. Kewpie soap hit the market, like Kewpie shakers, earrings and dozens more products Kewpie Kewpie. Neill O 'was happy to leave all kinds of goods, and even happier to see the money pouring in.
In 1912, nearly three years after Kewpie's first adventure, O 'Neill came up with the division increased commercialization of all, the Kewpie doll. With the help of a design student, built a doll of a cheaper type of porcelain called bisque. The doll looked just like the Kewpies magazine, with bow and a silly grin. The first product runs so fast sold Neill O 'I knew I had a winner on its hands.
Quickly, Neill O 'decided to spread. The key of success, he reasoned, was to develop dozens of different dolls and encourage customers to buy as much as possible. Models of wood, ivory, celluloid and rubber Soon joined bisque dolls. Factories churned out Kewpies small enough to fit in a pocket and Kewpies almost as big as a small child. Neill O 'soldier produced dolls, ethnic dolls, character dolls and more. She was a pioneer: Since his time, many vendors of toys success have followed exactly the strategy of appealing to the collection in its customers.
Kewpie doll took the country by storm. Carnival bought thousands to give away as prizes. Kewpie commercial clubs sprang up in cities across the United States. The children begged their parents for one model after another. Kewpie factories in several countries worked overtime to demand. Even the outbreak of the First World War could reduce hold the Kewpies' in the national consciousness. They were no longer a fad, which were a way of life.
In fact, the passionate interest in all things Kewpie not run its course until the mid-1920s. By then, Neill O 'had made about $ 1,500,000 of its creation. He spent most of his time in the mansion where she had lived with her second husband in rural Connecticut, not far from Manhattan in the literary world. Rich beyond their dreams, most of whom left the picture and focused on his literary career, much less lucrative.
First, however, be focused on Neill Rose O ', the artist. His eccentricities multiplied: She called her home after a fairy tale character and called her water heater "Kewpie. ", was his mansion full of aspiring young poets and painters, with whom he discussed on art and philosophy at all times. A young couple, invited to visit one weekend, he stayed for two years. Many of these people had no artistic talent apparent, but it did not matter at all to O Neill '. "They were all geniuses with it, " wrote one journalist, 1930s, "because was by their intentions rather than their works judged. "
But Kewpie same amount of money could not maintain this lifestyle forever. Neill 'O 'S generosity and taste finally surpassed his fortune. In 1936 he sold his home in Connecticut and he returned to Missouri. She tried once or twice to replicate Kewpie success with other dolls, but times and tastes had changed. When Neill O 'died in 1944, she was completely broke.
Although Neill O 'is dead, lives on his invention. Manufacturers continue to produce replicas and imitations of the dolls, especially for collectors market ". The Internet auction site eBay has an entire category devoted to Neill 'Rose O ' s Kewpies, with about 200 items for sale Kewpie at any given time. The singers are described as having " Kewpie-doll" voices, the actresses who have " Kewpie-doll" looks. Almost a century after its introduction, Kewpies being an icon of American popular culture.
As Neill Rose O 'to herself, she has a place in American history, though perhaps not the one she had chosen. The efforts of his literary intellectuals are largely forgotten. His drawing style was too oriented trade, which has much of an effect on serious art. Today, encyclopedias, some of the artists of America for his statement, an omission which undoubtedly would have found exasperating.
However, Neill O 'would love to know how well their creations have survived. She never thought that under his Kewpies or a waste of time. On the other hand, took pride in their creation and even more pride in their popularity. That is fair, because they were an extension of their career success unusual in commercial art. While his serious work did not last long, Neill 'Rose O ' s contribution to American culture has stood the test of time.
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